Ashwagandha root is an Indian crop. About 10,770 hectares are under cultivation for an annual yield near 8,400 metric tons, and Madhya Pradesh holds the largest share, led by the Neemuch and Mandsaur districts. The Neemuch mandi sets the spot price; root traded there reaches the United States, Canada, and the Czech Republic. Rajasthan is second, including the geographically protected Nagori grade from Nagaur, Churu, and Bikaner, and the dry belt around Ramganjmandi where the KSM-66 farms sit. Nepal manufactures finished products but buys its root from India. Nothing else moves in volume.
US retail sales of ashwagandha supplements reached USD 372 million in the 52 weeks ending 29 December 2024, up 26.7% year on year, on SPINS retail scan data across the natural, multi-outlet, and Amazon channels. In the mainstream channel it ranked third among herbal supplements in 2024, behind psyllium and elder berry. Raw root traded near USD 1.50 per kilogram at Neemuch in August 2026 while standardized extract lists between roughly USD 30 and 80 by grade, so the ingredient trade and the retail figure sit an order of magnitude apart.
Seventy-five suppliers list the ingredient. Fifty-four offer an extract; the remainder sell crude root or herb powder. Ten of the extracts are branded articles from nine companies, and the other forty-seven suppliers sell generic extract. Thirty-nine hold a US legal entity and fifteen require an import. Thirty-five operate their own extraction plant and eighteen distribute material made by someone else, with Specnova's production model unconfirmed.
Plant part carries more weight here than in most botanicals. Withaferin A concentrates in leaf and aerial tissue, while withanolide A and withanolide B concentrate in the root [1,2]. Leaf material costs less and reaches a total-withanolide number more easily. Traditional use and most of the clinical record sit on the root; the root-and-leaf clinical files belong to specific branded articles, Sensoril, Shoden, and NooGandha, and do not transfer to a generic root-and-leaf extract. India moved to prohibit leaf in April 2026, and in May the Karnataka High Court stayed the prohibition for the petitioner companies alone, so the plant part in a given extract is now a live regulatory question as well as an analytical one.
A branded article is a fixed composition sold under a trademark. The research cited below was run on that specific material. An unbranded extract at the same withanolide percentage does not inherit it without comparative data.
| Brand | Distributor | Part | Standardization | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KSM-66 | Ixoreal Biomed Inc. Los Angeles CA | Root | 5% withanolides by HPLC | [3-42] |
| Sensoril | Natreon, a Kerry company New Brunswick NJ | Root and leaf | Not less than 10% withanolide glycosides | [43-57] |
| Shoden | Arjuna Natural LLC Irving TX | Root and leaf | 35% withanolide glycosides by HPLC | [58-66] |
| Somin-On | Arjuna Natural LLC Irving TX | Not published | Not less than 2% sominone by HPLC | [67] |
| Zenroot | OmniActive Health Technologies Inc. Bridgewater NJ | Root | 1.5% total withanolides, USP method | [68,69] |
| Witholytin | Verdure Sciences Inc. Noblesville IN | Root | 1.5% total withanolides by HPLC, USP method | [70-72] |
| NooGandha | Specnova LLC Tysons Corner VA | Root and leaf | 3.5% to 4% total withanolides by HPLC, USP method; liposomal delivery | [73-75] |
| Ashwa.30 | Natural Remedies, via AIDP Inc. City of Industry CA | Root | More than 15% each of withanolides and an ATP-active fraction | [76] |
| Shagandha | Sabinsa Corporation East Windsor NJ | Root | 2.5% withanolides with 0.25% withaferin A by HPLC, USP method | [77,78] |
| Asera | Vidya Inc. Red Bank NJ | Root | 10% withanolides with 30% oligosaccharides | None found |
NooGandha's clinical file [73-75] describes a root and leaf extract; Specnova's current product page references root, with no plant part specification published. Specnova entered from its published clinical file rather than the Lodestone catalog; the roster is a floor, not a census.
| Supplier | Role | US entity | What is published |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ambe NS Agro Products Pvt. Ltd. | Manufacturer | Import required | Name only |
| Ayush Herbs Inc. | Manufacturer | Ayush Herbs, Inc., Redmond, WA | Root; Total alkaloids 25 mg per 500 mg root |
| Botanical Cube Inc. | Manufacturer | Import required | Root; 2.5% and 5% withanolides by HPLC |
| Cepham Inc. | Manufacturer | Cepham, Inc., Somerset, NJ | Root and whole plant; 1.5% to 30% total withanolides across seven grades |
| Changsha Vigorous-tech Co., Ltd. | Manufacturer | Import required | Name only |
| Doehler GmbH | Manufacturer | Doehler North America, Cartersville, GA | Name only |
| Euromed | Manufacturer | Euromed USA Inc., Bridgeville, PA | Root; 1.5% withanolides |
| Herbal Creations USA LLC | Manufacturer | Herbal Creations USA, Ontario, CA | Name only |
| Hirehal Greenspace Herbs Pvt Ltd | Manufacturer | HNS Nutra LLC, South Plainfield, NJ | 2.5% withanolides |
| Hunan NewMstar Biotechnology Co., Ltd. | Manufacturer | Import required | Root; Ratio extracts 10:1 to 200:1, identity by TLC |
| Indo Phytochem Pharmaceuticals | Manufacturer | Import required | Name only |
| Jiaherb, Inc. | Manufacturer | Jiaherb, Inc., Pine Brook, NJ | Name only |
| JK Botanicals Pvt. Ltd. | Manufacturer | Import required | Root; 1% to 2.5% total withanolides by HPLC, or 1.5% to 5% by gravimetry |
| Marudhar Impex | Manufacturer | Import required | Name only |
| Meteoric Biopharmaceutical USA, LLC | Manufacturer | Meteoric Biopharmaceutical USA LLC, Morris Plains, NJ | Name only |
| NESSO | Manufacturer | NESSO Global Inc., Lake Success, NY | Not less than 10% withanolides, USP basis |
| Ningbo Excare Pharm Inc. | Manufacturer | Import required | Name only |
| North American Herb & Spice | Manufacturer | North American Herb & Spice Co., Lake Forest, IL | Root |
| Sabinsa Corporation | Manufacturer | Sabinsa Corporation, East Windsor, NJ | Root; 2.5% withanolides, USP method |
| Shree Divyanand Herbals (SD Herbs) | Manufacturer | Import required | Root and leaf; Over 30 grades, total withanolides up to 15% by HPLC and 50% by gravimetry |
| Skyherb Nutrition | Manufacturer | Skyherb Nutritionals Inc., Carlsbad, CA | Name only |
| Umalaxmi Organics Pvt. Ltd. | Manufacturer | Import required | Up to 5% withanolides by gravimetry |
| Unicorn Natural Products Private Limited | Manufacturer | Import required | Markers named as alkaloids and withanolides, by gravimetry or HPLC. No figure, no part. |
| Venkatesh Naturals Inc. | Manufacturer | Import required | 1.5% to 2.5% withanolides |
| Vidya Herbs | Manufacturer | Vidya USA Corporation, Bunnell, FL; Vidya Inc., Red Bank, NJ | 10% withanolides |
| Xi'an HerbSpirit Technology Co., Ltd. | Manufacturer | Import required | Name only |
| Xi'an Natural Field Bio-Technique Co., Ltd. | Manufacturer | Natural Field Inc., Chino, CA | Root; 2.5%, 5%, and 10% withanolides |
| Xi'an Pincredit Bio-tech Co., Ltd. | Manufacturer | Import required | Name only |
| Xi'an Yinheng Phytochem Co., Ltd. | Manufacturer | Import required | Root; Total withanolides not less than 5.0% by HPLC |
| A&A Pharmachem, Inc. | Distributor | A&A Pharmachem Inc., San Diego, CA | 1.5%, 2.5%, 3%, 8%, and 10% withanolides; also 10:1 |
| American SanjiangBio Nutrition, Inc. | Distributor | American SanjiangBio Nutrition Inc., Walnut, CA | 1.5% withanolides |
| Arshine | Distributor | Arshine branch office, Ontario, CA (no US entity name published) | Name only |
| AuNutra Industries Inc. | Distributor | AuNutra Industries Inc., Chino, CA | Name only |
| Barrington Nutritionals | Distributor | Barrington Chemical Corporation, Harrison, NY | Name only |
| Cambridge Commodities Inc. | Distributor | Cambridge Commodities Inc., Lincoln, CA | Root |
| CK Ingredients | Distributor | CK Ingredients, Glendale, NY (HQ Oakville, Ontario) | Name only |
| Ecuadorian Rainforest | Distributor | Ecuadorian Rainforest, LLC, Clifton, NJ | Name only |
| Everlite Nutraceuticals | Distributor | Everlite Nutraceuticals, Chino, CA | Name only |
| Karallief | Distributor | Karallief Inc., Boston, MA | Name only |
| Lalilab, Inc. | Distributor | Lalilab, Inc., Durham, NC | Name only |
| Markan Global Enterprises Inc. | Distributor | Markan Global Enterprises, Inc., Port Murray, NJ | Name only |
| Navada Imports | Distributor | Navada Imports LLC, Marlborough, MA | 5% withanolides by gravimetry |
| Nutravative Ingredients | Distributor | Nutravative Inc., Allen, TX | 1.5% withanolides |
| NutriOriginal Corp. | Distributor | NutriOriginal Corp., Fairfield, NJ | Name only |
| Quadra | Distributor | Quadra, Vista, CA and Woodlands, TX (no US entity name published) | 2.5% dry extract |
| S&G Nutrition Inc. | Distributor | S&G Nutrition, Inc., Anaheim, CA | Root |
| Stryka Botanics | Distributor | Stryka Botanics, Hillsborough, NJ | Root; Ratio extracts 4:1 and 10:1 only |
Where no US entity exists the purchase is an import and the buyer carries FSVP obligations.
A compendial article fixes the plant part, the marker basis, and the analytical method under one name.
| Compendium | Article | Part | Marker basis and method |
|---|---|---|---|
| USP-NF | Ashwagandha Root Dry Extract, M2789 | Root | Withanolides as the sum of aglycones and glycosides, not less than 2.5%. HPTLC identity, HPLC quantitation. |
| American Herbal Pharmacopoeia | Ashwagandha Root: analytical, quality control, and therapeutic monograph | Root | Analytical and quality control sections address extract material. HPTLC and HPLC. |
| Health Canada NNHPD | Ashwagandha monograph | Root and whole plant | Extracts dosed as dried-herb equivalent, with dose limits and permitted claims. No potency floor and not an analytical article. |
| Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India | Part I, crude drug | Root, crude | Crude drug article. No extract article. |
| European Pharmacopoeia | No article | n/a | Monograph 02746, root, is under elaboration at EDQM. The 2013 EMA HMPC assessment closed with a public statement, not a monograph. |
USP-NF has the only extract article. Its floor of 2.5% withanolides sits below most potencies on the market, so it sets a minimum rather than describing what is sold.
Most supply originates in India, where the permitted plant part is in dispute before the Karnataka High Court. Origin compliance reaches a US buyer through the supplier's own position.
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66. Speers AB, Limoico ED, Lozano-Ortiz A, Marney L, Choi J, Barr SA, et al. Withanolides are detected in human urine following oral administration of a Withania somnifera product. Int J Mol Sci. 2026;27(12):5289. (PMID: 42353009)
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